强化农地产权有助于提升农业劳动生产率吗？——基于异质农户能力的理论建模与实证检验

强化农地产权有助于提升农业劳动生产率吗？——基于异质农户能力的理论建模与实证检验

Does Strengthening Farmland Property Rights Help to Promote Agricultural Labor Productivity? Theoretical Modeling and Empirical Testing Based on Heterogeneous Farmer Capabilities

《财经研究》2024年50卷第1期 页码：154-168 online：2024年1月3日

作者

中：刘宣宣1 , 陈飞2 , 牛宏光2 , 吕丹1

英：Liu Xuanxuan1, Chen Fei2, Niu Hongguang2, Lyu Dan1

作者单位：1. 东北财经大学 投资工程管理学院，辽宁 大连 116025; 2. 东北财经大学 经济学院，辽宁 大连 116025

摘要及关键词

摘要：深化农村土地制度改革能让更多农民分享改革红利。文章基于异质性农户能力视角构建农业和非农业两部门一般均衡模型，并进行参数校准和数值模拟，从理论上探索农地产权的增强对农业生产效应的提升作用。在此基础上，文章利用2014年和2016年中国劳动力动态调查（CLDS）数据集，进行因果关系识别检验和影响传导机制分析。研究结果表明，随着农地产权强度的增大，农业劳动生产率得到显著提升，而农户能力在其中发挥重要调节作用，这一结论在运用工具变量两阶段估计下仍然稳健。机制分析表明，在农户能力异质性视角下，强化农地产权使得农业劳动密集度降低，这是影响农业劳动生产率的重要渠道。进一步研究发现，对于未发生土地调整、以农业为核心产业的村庄以及采用完全机械化生产方式的家庭，强化农地产权对农业劳动生产率的提升效应更为明显。文章结论有利于深化农地制度改革和农业农村现代化发展，对最终促进乡村全面振兴具有重要的现实意义。

关键词：农地产权；农户能力；农业劳动生产率；农业劳动密集度

Summary: China is in the process of deepening rural land system reform. Accurately assessing the impact of changes in the intensity of farmland property rights on agricultural labor productivity has important reference value for deepening land system reform in the later stage and introducing supporting measures to ensure the release of policy reform dividends. In view of this, this paper constructs a two-sector general equilibrium model based on the perspective of heterogeneous farmer capabilities, and theoretically analyzes and numerically simulates the strengthening of the structural relationship between farmland property rights and agricultural labor productivity. In addition, it conducts causal relationship identification testing and impact transmission mechanism analysis using mixed cross-sectional data from villages and households in the 2014 and 2016 China Labor-force Dynamics Survey dataset. The conclusions of this paper are that: First, as the intensity of farmland property rights increases, the constraints of land management scale on high-capacity farmers gradually weaken, thereby reducing agricultural labor intensity and improving agricultural labor productivity. Second, land ownership confirmation is beneficial for improving agricultural labor productivity, and the impact effect increases with the improvement of farmer capabilities. Third, labor intensity plays an important role in strengthening the channels through which farmland property rights affect agricultural labor productivity, and this mechanism effect is regulated by farmer capabilities. Fourth, for villages without land adjustment and with agriculture as the core industry, as well as households adopting comprehensive mechanized production methods, strengthening farmland property rights has a more significant effect on improving agricultural labor productivity. The marginal contributions are that: First, it reflects the fundamental reasons for factor allocation, and expands the theoretical model to better fit the reality of Chinese agriculture. Second, it incorporates land property rights, factor structure, and agricultural labor productivity into the same analytical framework, and considers heterogeneous farmer capabilities, providing a new perspective for evaluating the effect of deepening rural land system reform. Third, it compares the numerical simulation results of the theoretical model with the causal relationship identification test, and empirically tests the mechanism effect of the element structure.

Key words: farmland property rights; farmer capabilities; agricultural labor productivity; agricultural labor intensity

其他信息

DOI：10.16538/j.cnki.jfe.20231017.401

收稿日期：2023-06-25

基金项目：国家自然科学基金面上项目（72273018）；教育部人文社会科学研究项目（22YJA790005，23YJA630071）；辽宁省教育厅基本科研项目（JYTQN2023166）

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